The Ten Essentials list was first created in the 1930s, in an article that appeared in the newsletter for the Mountaineers. Its goal was to put together a list of the 10 most important items an outdoors person should have on them at all times. It came up with a definitive list that, while not covering everything (no list of 10 items can), lays the foundation for preparedness in the outdoors.
The items are:
1. Strike anywhere matches- important because with most matches, if your striker gets ruined your matches are basically useless. Strike anywhere matches offer you a lot more flexibility. Place them in a waterproof case, with a piece of emery board for a striker.
2. Fire starter- put some of this in your fire proof case. In some conditions, it will be impossible to get a fire started without it.
3. A map- seems self-explanatory, but many a bad situation could have been avoided if people just thought to have a map on hand.
4. A first aid kit- Always essential for treating wounds and injuries. There are many for sale, but for information on how to build your own (and learn how everything works in the process) check out the related article here.
5. A compass- For navigation. Make sure you know how to use it.
6. A flashlight- Another essential item. Have extra batteries and an extra bulb.
7. A pocket knife- a multi-use, Swiss army style knife.
8. Sunglasses- useful in both sunny and snowy environments.
9. Extra food- gives you energy, keeps your head clear, and helps ward off hypothermia.
10. Extra clothing- a rain coat and wool hat at the bare minimum. A rain coat will help you dry, and can be used to build a shelter. A wool hat keeps your head warm, where a large amount of body heat is lost. You cant go wrong with some extra socks, either. And that is the Ten Essentials list.
Good luck and stay prepared!